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DDx of Recurrent PNA
- Immunodeficiency
- Obstructing Mass
DDx of Solitary Lung Nodule (<3cm)
Benign
- TB
- Fungal infections (Histoplasmosis, aspergillosis)
- Granulomas or abscesses (calcified lesions)
- Connective Tissues Diseases and inflammatory lesions
- Sarcoidosis
- Hamartomas (characteristic pattern on imaging)
- Hemangioma
Malignant
- Bronchogenic Cancers (Adenocarcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Small Cell)
- Carcinoid
- Lymphoma (bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma)
- Metastases
Posted 10/24/16 09:06:27 AM by Ying Liu
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Carcinoid Tumors
- 1-2% of all lung malignancies. 0.2-2 per 100,000 people per year
- Potential association with smoking, though not as strong as other bronchogenic cancers
- Often present with recurrent PNA or as solitary pulmonary nodule discovered incidentally
- Less commonly presents with classic carcinoid syndrome (flushing, GI symptoms, bronchoconstriction) from tumors releasing substances such as serotonin; usually only in larger tumors (>5cm) or in patients with liver metastases)
Posted 10/24/16 09:07:09 AM by Ying Liu
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Management
- Surgical resection is often curative in early stage disease
- Treatment of advanced typical lesions is radiation
- Somatostatin analogues, such as octreotide, can be used if tumors light up on octreotide scans
Posted 10/24/16 09:07:33 AM by Ying Liu
Created by Christopher Kelly
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